Section 1.1: Fascinating Behaviors of Nano Water

When water exists in such sparse populations, it exhibits intriguing phenomena. For example, it flows more rapidly through narrow carbon nanotubes but encounters resistance in wider ones. Furthermore, water moves more swiftly through micro channels in graphene compared to bulk graphite.

Typically, when liquids move over solids, we envision a fixed layer of the liquid adhering to the solid surface, creating a velocity gradient known as viscosity. This concept explains why substances like oil and honey are highly viscous, while air has minimal viscosity.

Subsection 1.1.1: The Concept of Viscosity

In this scenario, the static layer of water at the surface minimizes friction between the liquid and the solid beneath. However, this dynamic shifts in nano water, where the liquid and solid engage in active motion against one another, necessitating the consideration of a distinct solid-water friction.

Section 1.2: Quantum Interactions in Nano Water

Moreover, within the nano water assembly, electrons occupy discrete energy levels. The electrons within graphene and nano water do not significantly interact, facilitating smoother flow. Conversely, when interacting with graphite, the water's electrons synchronize with those of the graphite, resulting in a slower flow. This dynamic is similarly observed in both thin and thick carbon nanotubes.