Innovative Hybrid Matter: Merging Light and Vibrations
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Chapter 1: The Evolution of States of Matter
In the realm of science, the traditional states of matter—solids, liquids, and gases—have long been fundamental concepts taught in schools. However, advancements have revealed a plethora of additional states, expanding our understanding. A notable example is the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), which recently facilitated the development of a superconductor.
Earlier this year, I discussed the groundbreaking discovery of a new state dubbed 'Liquid Glass.' As research progresses, a team from the City College of New York has made strides by ingeniously combining two distinct states of matter: photons—elementary particles of light—and phonons, the vibrations within a crystal lattice.
Section 1.1: Topological Photonics
This pioneering research marks the first instance where these researchers have successfully controlled the behavior of both photons and phonons in a precise manner. They utilized a cutting-edge approach in photonics known as topological photonics. This method draws upon principles from topology, a branch of mathematics concerned with properties that remain unchanged through continuous deformations of geometric shapes.
The lead author, Alexander Khanikaev, explains, “This hybrid matter is comprised of half light and half vibrations. By merging infrared light with lattice vibrations, we have opened new avenues for simultaneously propagating light and heat. Previously, controlling lattice vibrations, especially around defects, posed significant challenges."
Section 1.2: Unique Characteristics of Hybrid Matter
Research indicates that the topological properties impart a unique spin, known as helicity, to the photons during propagation. This results in distinctive and unforeseen attributes, such as resilience against defects and the ability to move in one direction along the boundaries of topologically different materials. These helical photons enable the transmission of infrared light alongside vibrations created by interactions within crystals.
Chapter 2: Implications for Spectroscopy
So, why does this matter? The implications of this research are vast, particularly in fields like Raman and vibrational spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy is utilized to identify vibrational modes of molecules, while vibrational spectroscopy, or infrared spectroscopy, examines how infrared radiation interacts with matter through absorption, emission, or reflection.
This newly created hybrid matter, known as phonon-polaritons, which combines light and vibrations, can be instrumental in studying, identifying, and characterizing various chemical substances. Moreover, it holds potential for implementing directional radiative heat transfer, a method through which energy is transmitted as electromagnetic waves.
The first video titled "States Of Matter Experiment for Kids" explores the fundamental states of matter in an engaging way, making it accessible for younger audiences.
The second video, "The States of Matter: Solid, Liquid, and Gas," provides a thorough overview of the classic states of matter, enhancing understanding of these essential concepts.
Complete research findings are published in the Journal of Science.
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